@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref2115, author = {Myung Soo Park and Barry M. Pryor and Farhana Runa}, title = {Ulocladium systematics revisited: phylogeny and taxonomic status.}, year = {2008}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycological Progress}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The genus Ulocladium represents phaeodictyosporic Hyphomycetes that produce conidia essentially obovoid in shape. Earlier molecular studies that included 5 Ulocladium species and related taxa in Alternaria, Embellisia, and Stemphylium revealed conflict between morphology and phylogeny, and Ulocladium was supported as polyphyletic with a paraphyletic core group. In the present study, 13 Ulocladium species were included for a more comprehensive systematic analysis of the genus based upon morphological and molecular characteristics. Total genomic DNA was extracted from Ulocladium species and sequences were determined for the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region including the 5.8S rDNA gene and the protein-coding genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and Alt a1. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses based on maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods included related Alternaria, Embellisia, and Stemphylium spp. Results supported previous findings of polyphyletic and paraphyletic relationships of Ulocladium among other taxa. Ten Ulocladium species clustered into a core Ulocladium clade and all taxa possessed the key diagnostic feature of Ulocladium, namely, conidia essentially obovoid in shape. However, A. cheiranthi and E. indefessa also clustered within this group with high bootstrap support but did not posses this diagnostic feature. This paraphyletic clade resolved basal to the core Alternaria clade with high bootstrap support, unlike previous studies in which its position was imbedded within the primary Alternaria clade. Thus, status of the genus as an independent lineage and unique taxon is supported. As previously reported, U. alternariae and U. oudemansii, which posses the key conidium characteristics of Ulocladium, clustered as a separate clade sister to the core monophyletic clade. Further studies are necessary to determine if these taxa represent an independent lineage or share a common ancestor with the core Ulocladium clade. Obovoid conidia were poorly represented in the isolate of U. lanuginosum that was included in these analyses (originally identified as A. malvae), and the isolate resolved as A. radicina based upon all 3 loci sequenced. Based upon these data and the origin of the isolate, a reassessment of its identity is supported.} }

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