@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref18936, author = {Yu Ito and Tetsuo Ohi-Toma and Jin Murata and Norio Tanaka}, title = {Hybridization and polyploidy of an aquatic plant, Ruppia (Ruppiaceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA phylogenies}, year = {2010}, keywords = {hybridization; matK; phyB; phylogeny; polyploidy; rbcL; rpoB; rpoC1; Ruppia}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {American Journal of Botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Premise of the study: The monogeneric family Ruppiaceae widely distribute primarily in brackish water in all over the world. The taxonomy of Ruppia has been confused by simplified morphology with its high phenotypic plasticity as well as the existence of polyploidy and putative hybrid. This study aimed to address the current classification of species in the genus, the origin of putative hybrids and polyploids. Methods: Separate molecular phylogenetic analyses using plastid DNA and nuclear-encoded phyB data sets were performed after chromosome observations and reevaluated morphology thereafter. Key Results: The resultant trees were largely congruent between genomes, but were incongruent in two respects: the first incongruence may be caused by long outgroup branches and their effect on ingroup rooting and the second one is caused by the existence of heterogeneous phyB sequences for several accessions that may reflect several independent hybridization events. Several morphological species recognized in previous taxonomic revisions appear paraphyletic in plastid DNA and phyB trees. Conclusions: Given the molecular phylogenies, and considering chromosome number and morphology, three species and one species complex comprising six lineages were discerned. A putative allotriploid, an allotetraploid, and a lineage of hybrid origin were identified within the species complex, and a hybrid was found outside the species complex, and their respective putative parental taxa were inferred. With respect to biogeography, a remarkably discontinuous distribution was identified in two cases, for which bird-mediated seed dispersal may be a reasonable explanation.} }

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