@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20579,
author = {Kangshan Mao and Richard Milne and Li-Bing Zhang and Yanling Peng and Jianquan Liu and Philip Thomas and Robert R. Mill and Susanne S Renner},
title = {The distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea.},
year = {2012},
keywords = {Ancestral areas reconstruction, gymnosperms, molecular clock, Gondwana, Laurasia, Pangea},
doi = {},
url = {http://},
pmid = {},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A.},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
abstract = {Most extant genus-level radiations in gymnosperms are of Oligocene age or younger, reflecting widespread extinction during climate cooling at the Oligocene/Miocene boundary (~23 million years ago, Ma). Recent biogeographic studies have revealed many instances of long-distance dispersal in gymnosperms, just as in angiosperms. Acting together, extinction and long-distance dispersal are likely to erase historical biogeographic signal. Notwithstanding this problem, we show that phylogenetic relationships in the gymnosperm family Cupressaceae (162 species, 32 genera) exhibit patterns expected from the Jurassic/Cretaceous breakup of Pangea. A phylogeny was generated for 122 representatives covering all genera, using up to 10,000 nucleotides of plastid, mitochondrial, and nuclear sequence per species. Relying on 16 fossil calibration points and three molecular dating methods, we show that Cupressaceae originated during the Triassic, when Pangea was intact. Vicariance between the two subfamilies, the Laurasian Cupressoideae and the Gondwanan Callitroideae, occurred around 153 Ma (124-183 Ma), when Gondwana and Laurasia were separating. Three further intercontinental disjunctions, involving the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, are coincidental with, or immediately followed, the breakup of Pangea.}
}
Matrix 12166 of Study 12554
Citation title:
"The distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea.".
Study name:
"The distribution of living Cupressaceae reflects the breakup of Pangea.".
This study is part of submission 12554
(Status: Published).
Matrices
Title: Matrix B subset2 morph
Rows
|
Taxon Label |
Row Segments |
Characters 1?–30 |
| Actinostrobus pyramidalis |
(none)
|
000022000100000201021101021211 |
| Athrotaxis cupressoides |
(none)
|
10001102010001040101010011310- |
| Austrocedrus chilensis |
(none)
|
110101100102010211001100101001 |
| Callitris macleayana |
(none)
|
10002{14}0201?2010211321101122 |
| Callitris drummondii |
(none)
|
000021022112000201220101021001 |
| Callitropsis nootkatensis |
(none)
|
100101102112110001000100100001 |
| Calocedrus decurrens |
(none)
|
100101102112111201001100100001 |
| Chamaecyparis lawsoniana |
(none)
|
100101102112110{12}01001100102 |
| Cryptomeria japonica |
(none)
|
10001{12}00210101140{01}012110 |
| Cunninghamia lanceolata |
(none)
|
10001201000100041{01}111110113 |
| Cupressus funebris |
(none)
|
10010110011111020100210010{12} |
| Diselma archeri |
(none)
|
010001010100010001000101101001 |
| Fitzroya cupressoides |
(none)
|
1{01}0011000000010001022100122 |
| Fokienia hodginsii |
(none)
|
100101112110010211001100102001 |
| Glyptostrobus pensilis |
(none)
|
10{01}01{14}002?01011201012110 |
| Hesperocyparis bakeri |
(none)
|
100001002112101201001101102001 |
| Juniperus californica |
(none)
|
0{01}002100011210??01021100120 |
| Juniperus drupacea |
(none)
|
1{01}0022020101010?21022100122 |
| Juniperus indica |
(none)
|
{01}100{02}100011211?101000100 |
| Juniperus oxycedrus |
(none)
|
{01}10024020112010201022100120 |
| Juniperus phoenicea |
(none)
|
11000100011210?121001100101001 |
| Juniperus recurva |
(none)
|
{01}{01}00{02}200011201?101001 |
| Juniperus virginiana |
(none)
|
110001000112110101001100101001 |
| Libocedrus plumosa |
(none)
|
100101100112010001001100101201 |
| Metasequoia glyptostroboides |
(none)
|
101100010111010211010110103101 |
| Microbiota decussata |
(none)
|
00010110211211?001000100101001 |
| Neocallitropsis pancheri |
(none)
|
{01}00022000100000201023101122 |
| Papuacedrus papuana |
(none)
|
1001011001120101210{02}2100101 |
| Pilgerodendron uviferum |
(none)
|
1{01}000102000001?121002100101 |
| Pinus sylvestris |
(none)
|
1000100001000014000100-011310- |
| Platycladus orientalis |
(none)
|
100{01}01100111110101002100101 |
| Sciadopitys verticillata |
(none)
|
10011401011001140001111011310- |
| Sequoia sempervirens |
(none)
|
100{01}1{01}000001011001010110 |
| Sequoiadendron giganteum |
(none)
|
10001100000101100101011011310- |
| Taiwania cryptomerioides |
(none)
|
10001100010101040111111011310- |
| Taxodium distichum |
(none)
|
101{01}1{02}002?01011201022111 |
| Tetraclinis articula |
(none)
|
{01}00001122112101221010100{01 |
| Thuja plicata |
(none)
|
1001111{02}2112{01}1010101{12} |
| Thujopsis dolabrata |
(none)
|
{01}001111{02}0110010001011100 |
| Widdringtonia nodiflora |
(none)
|
{01}000{01}100010200140{01}012 |
| Xanthocyparis vietnamensis |
(none)
|
10010{14}10211210020100110{01} |
| Athrotaxis ungeri |
(none)
|
???0110??????1??????????113?0? |
Columns
| Column |
Character Description |
|
1
|
Life form
|
|
2
|
Breeding system
|
|
3
|
Foliage abscission
|
|
4
|
Plagiotropic foliage
|
|
5
|
Phyllotaxis of mature leaves
|
|
6
|
Leaf shape on ultimate branchlet
|
|
7
|
Dimorphism in foliar leaves
|
|
8
|
Stomata position mature leaves
|
|
9
|
Orientation of stomata
|
|
10
|
Florin ring
|
|
11
|
Papillae on epidermis of stomata
|
|
12
|
Cycles of stomatal subsidiary cells
|
|
13
|
Leaf gland
|
|
14
|
Leaf margin
|
|
15
|
Cotyledons
|
|
16
|
Initial phyllotaxis on seedling
|
|
17
|
Stomata on primary leaves
|
|
18
|
Pollen cone position
|
|
19
|
Pollen cone aggregation
|
|
20
|
Microsporophylls phyllotaxis
|
|
21
|
Pollen sacs
|
|
22
|
Germination pore
|
|
23
|
Papillate germination pore
|
|
24
|
Persistence of ovuliferous cones
|
|
25
|
Cone aggregation
|
|
26
|
Bract scales phyllotaxis
|
|
27
|
Number of ovuliferous cone scales
|
|
28
|
Sterile cone scales
|
|
29
|
Equal length of mature cone scales
|
|
30
|
Whorled cone scales
|
|
31
|
Columella
|
|
32
|
Ovule orientation
|
|
33
|
Ovule position
|
|
34
|
Ovule shape
|
|
35
|
Ovule development
|
|
36
|
Micropyle
|
|
37
|
Mature micropyle
|
|
38
|
Papillae on cone scales
|
|
39
|
Cone dehiscence
|
|
40
|
Mature cone scales
|
|
41
|
Mature cone scale
|
|
42
|
Ovuliferous scale
|
|
43
|
Cone scale dominance
|
|
44
|
Cone scale fused
|
|
45
|
Mature cone
|
|
46
|
Seed maturation
|
|
47
|
Seed number per cone scale
|
|
48
|
Seed wings
|
|
49
|
Wing number
|
|
50
|
Position of seed wing
|
|
51
|
Wing shape
|
|
52
|
Pitting of tangential walls in ray parenchyma
|
|
53
|
Pits in transfusion tracheids
|
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