@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref21745, author = {Steve Leavitt and Fernando Fern?ndez-Mendoza and Sergio P?rez-Ortega and Mohammad Sohrabi and Pradeep Kumar Divakar and Jan Vondrak and H. Thorsten Lumbsch and Larry L. St. Clair}, title = {Local representation of global diversity in a morphologically cryptic lichen-forming fungal species complex with a cosmopolitan distribution (Rhizoplaca, Ascomycota)}, year = {2013}, keywords = {*BEAST, Biogeography, BPP, Cryptic species, Long-distance dispersal, Rhizoplaca melanophthalma, Speciation}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Journal of Biogeography}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Aim We examine diversity and distributions of lineages in a cosmopolitan lichen-forming fungal species-complex, Rhizoplaca melanophthalma sensu lato (Ascomycota). A previous study documented the occurrence of at least six, morphologically cryptic species-level lineages within this nominal species in western North America, and here we assess diversity across a broader geographic distribution. We also assess demographic histories and estimate divergence times among these lineages to place diversification of the R. melanophthalma species-complex within a temporal context. Location Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America Methods We obtained molecular sequence data from a total of 240 R. melanophthalma sensu lato specimens collected across five continents. We assessed monophyly of candidate species in individual gene trees and a 7 gene concatenated tree. We estimated molecular diversity and population demographics statistics for independent lineages. Divergence times and relationships among candidate species were also evaluated using a multi-locus, coalescent-based species tree approach. We assessed speciation probabilities using the coalescent-based species delimitation method BPP. Main conclusions Our analyses of R. melanophthalma collected from five continents supported the presence of six species-level lineages within this nominal species. Based on current sampling, two of these lineages were found with broad intercontinental distributions, while the other four were limited to western North America. Of the six lineages, five were found on a single mountain in the western USA and the sixth occurred no more than 200 km away from this mountain. Our estimates of divergence times suggest that Pleistocene glacial cycles played an important role in species diversification within the R. melanophthalma species-complex. } }

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