@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref23360, author = {Yu Ito and Tetsuo Ohi-Toma and Jin Murata and norio tanaka}, title = {Molecular dating of Ruppia}, year = {2014}, keywords = {BEAST, Ruppia}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Journal of Plant Research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {A previous molecular phylogenetic study of a monogenic cosmopolitan genus, Ruppia (Ruppiaceae), proposed a classification of three species and one species complex in the world. In the R. maritima complex, while multiple hybrid speciation through allopolyploidy and repeated hybridizations followed by a chloroplast capture contributed the diversity in a mostly polyploidy lineage, a mode of speciation in a diploid lineage has not yet been intensively discussed. Here we test a hypothesis of ecological differentiation in relation with Pleistocene global cooling to explain morphologically and ecologically diverged sister taxa in the diploid lineage. The analysis revealed that the most recent common ancestor of the two taxa was evolved in inland North America from a related coastal taxon in Miocene. The evolution was followed by a speciation in Pleistocene, indicating that the significant morphological and ecological differences were established between the two taxa in the last 1.5 Mya. By contrast, the sister coastal taxon expanded its distribution from North America to Eurasia and Pacific in the last 2.8 Mya and still no such differences were known among the regions, strongly indicating that the speciation between the two taxa is explained by the accelerated rate at which ecological differentiation evolves in the Pleistocene glaciations, perhaps because of stronger divergent selection resulting from greater ecological opportunities in depauperate boreal habitats.} }

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