@INCOLLECTION{TreeBASE2Ref20244, author = {Jaqueline Megan O'Connor}, title = {Phylogenetic relationships and host utilization patterns among Costa Rican Cotesia (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae).}, year = {2011}, keywords = {Cotesia, Microgastrinae, phylogeny, host utilization, specialist, parasitoid, polydnavirus}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, booktitle = {Phylogenetic Patterns of Host Specialization in Two Tropical Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Parasitoid Wasp Genera.}, isbn = {}, publisher = {University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign}, address = {Urbana-Champaign}, editor = {Jaqueline Megan O'Connor}, pages = {1--53}, abstract = {Parasitoid wasps play a pivotal role in maintaining the structure and dynamics of complex food webs. However, classical species sampling techniques such as malaise, light and yellow pan trapping, generally lack information regarding host utilization. Even within the species for which host data is available, there are commonly too few accurate records to provide a realistic depiction of host breadth. As a result, detailed phylogenetic studies including both realistic subsets of species and empirical data regarding parasitoid life history are rare, if not until very recently completely absent from the literature. Yet over the past decade, a number of rearing inventories in Ecuador, Costa Rica and Papua New Guinea have superseded classical technique, providing multiple records collected over many years for every specimen reared, representing a unique opportunity to study the evolution of host breadth and specialization across and within parasitoid lineages. In the present study, using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI), 28S rRNA and nuclear wingless (wgls), long-wavelength Rhodopsin (LwRhod) and Alpha-Spectrin (ASpec), I employed Bayesian phylogenetic inference to resolve the phylogenetic relationships between 53 provisional Costa Rican species from the genus Cotesia; cumulatively reared > 560 times over a three-year period in the Area de Conservaci?n Guanacaste (ACG) Plant-Caterpillar-Parasitoid rearing inventory, Costa Rica. The resultant phylogeny revealed three well supported clades of closely related Cotesia species which, like has previously been found within Costa Rican Microgastrinae, are largely a specialist parasitoid lineage, each attacking just a few closely related host caterpillar species. Overlaying host family data using lepidopteran Major Clade Assignments (MCs) defined by Regier et al. (2009), I found striking niche conservatism within the Cotesia. That is, closely related species of parasitoid always appear to attack closely related lepidopteran hosts. The possible causes of the host utilization patterns observed are discussed with regard to host chemistry, the lepidopteran immune system and future comparative studies of individual parasitoid polydnaviruses (PDVs).} }

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