@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref22963, author = {Rainer Melzer and Andrea Haerter and Florian Ruempler and Sangtae Kim and Pamela S. Soltis and Douglas Soltis and Guenter Theissen}, title = {DEF- and GLO-like proteins may have lost most of their interaction partners during angiosperm evolution}, year = {2014}, keywords = {DEFICIENS, GLOBOSA, APETALA3, PISTILLATA, protein-protein interaction, yeast two-hybrid, EMSA, character-state evolution, MADS-domain protein, floral homeotic gene, early diverging angiosperms, basal angiosperms}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Annals of Botany}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Background and aims: DEF- and GLO-like proteins constitute two sister clades of floral homeotic transcription factors that existed already in the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of extant angiosperms. Together they specify the identity of petals and stamens in flowering plants. In core eudicots, DEF- and GLO-like proteins form only heterodimers with each other. There is evidence that this obligate heterodimerization contributed to the canalization of the flower structure of core eudicots during evolution. Whether this strict heterodimerization is an ancient feature that traces to the MRCA of extant flowering plants or evolved later during the evolution of crown group angiosperms has remained unkown. Methods: The interactions of DEF- and GLO-like proteins of the early diverging angiosperms Amborella trichopoda and Nuphar advena and of the magnoliid Liriodendron tulipifera were analysed employing yeast two-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). Character-state reconstruction including data from other species as well was used to infer the ancestral interaction patterns of DEF-and GLO-like proteins. Key results: Our yeast two-hybrid and EMSA data suggest that DEF- and GLO-like proteins from early-diverging angiosperms both homo- and heterodimerize. Character-state reconstruction suggests that the ability to form heterodimeric complexes already existed in the MRCA of extant angiosperms and that this property remained highly conserved throughout angiosperm evolution. Homodimerization of DEF- and GLO-like proteins also existed in the MRCA of all angiosperms. DEF-homodimerization was likely lost very early in angiosperm evolution and was not present in the MRCA of eudicots and monocots. GLO-like homodimerization might have been lost later during evolution but very likely was not present in the MRCA of eudicots. Conclusions: The flexibility of DEF- and GLO-interactions in early diverging angiosperms may be one reason for the highly diverse flower morphologies observed in these species. Our results strengthen the hypothesis that a reduction in interaction partners of DEF- and GLO-like proteins, with DEF-GLO heterodimers remaining the only DNA-binding dimers in core eudicots, contributed to developmental robustness, canalization of flower development and the diversification of angiosperms. } }

• Go to search
• Citation
• Taxa
• Matrices
• Trees
• Analyses
• 

CiteULike

Delicious

Connotea