@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref20429, author = {Shannon Colleen Lynch and Akif Eskalen and Paul J. Zambino and Joey S Mayorquin and Danny H Wang}, title = {Identification and pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) decline in southern California }, year = {2013}, keywords = {Bot canker, Botryosphaeria, coast live oak, Diplodia, Dothiorella, goldspotted oak borer}, doi = {}, url = {http://www.mycologia.org}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycologia }, volume = {105}, number = {1}, pages = {125--140}, abstract = { Symptoms of decline have been observed on dying coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) trees in areas throughout southern California that are both infested and uninfested by the goldspotted oak borer (GSOB). The purpose of this study was to identify and assess the pathogenicity of several anamorphic species of the Botryosphaeriaceae, including Diplodia corticola, Dothiorella iberica, and Diplodia agrifolia sp. nov., that were consistently recovered from symptomatic tissues. Species were identified morphologically and by phylogenetic analyses of the complete sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rDNA and partial sequences of ?-tubulin and Elongation Factor (EF1-α) genes. Results from morphological assessments and phylogenetic analyses support the erection of a new species closely related to Dip. mutila, described herein as Diplodia agrifolia sp.nov. Pathogenicity of all species was verified by wound inoculation of one-year-old coast live oak seedlings under controlled conditions. Isolates of Dip. corticola were the most aggressive tested and isolates of Dip. agrifolia were the second most aggressive. Both species caused bleeding symptoms on inoculated seedlings. Seedlings inoculated with Dip. corticola died within four weeks, with the pathogen progressing up and down through the xylem in advance of living phloem, and moving throughout the taproot in 70% of inoculated seedlings. Colonization and re-isolation was successful for all species. Isolates of Do. iberica had the least colonization of fungal species tested. All three fungal species represent newly recorded fungal pathogens of coast live oak in California. Results from the pathogenicity test suggest that these fungi play a role in the decline of coast live oaks throughout southern California.} }

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