@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref19081, author = {Marco Thines}, title = {Recent outbreaks of downy mildew on grape ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Vitaceae) in Germany are caused by a new species of Plasmopara.}, year = {2010}, keywords = {downy mildews, molecular phylogeny, morphology, Peronosporaceae, taxonomy.}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Mycological Progress}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Downy mildew on grape causes high direct and indirect costs in all major vine-growing areas of the world. The species is thought to be native in North America, from where it is known since the 1850s (Mosher 1857), and from where it has spread throughout the world (Viennot-Bourgin 1949, 1981) and has become an important constraints for grape production. The causal agent, Plasmopara viticola, is thought to have a wide host range, encompassing a wide range of North American Vitaceae, including members of the genera Vitis and Parthenocissus (Wilson 1908, Ellett 1970). Therefore, the long known downy mildew from Parthenocissus tricuspidata has been attributed to Plasmopara viticola (Halsted 1890). In northern temperate Europe, Plasmopara viticola is commonly observed from the genus Vitis but not from other Vitaceae. During the past decade it has been revealed that the broad host spectrum assumed for some downy mildews (Yerkes & Shaw 1959) is not reflected by their genetic diversity and that a narrow species concept, as advocated by G?umann (1923) is more appropriate (Riethm?ller et al. 2002, Voglmayr 2003, G?ker et al. 2004, Choi et al 2007a, Komj?ti et al. 2007, Garc?a-Blazquez et al. 2008). As a consequence, several new species were described (Voglmayr et al. 2006, Choi et al. 2007b, 2009, Voglmayr & Constantinescu 2008, Thines et al. 2009). In the light of these studies, the broad host range of Plasmopara viticola reported so far seems to be doubtful. In the past, several varieties of Plasmopara viticola and the species Plasmopara amurensis have been described (Săvulescu 1941, Procenko 1946, Săvulescu & Săvulescu 1952, Golovina 1955), however, in the absence of clear cut distinguishing features (Rafailă et al. 1968), these were not widely recognised and thus remain to be evaluated by molecular phylogenetic investigations. In 2008, Plasmopara on Parthenocissus tricuspidata was observed by the author in one isolated location in downtown Stuttgart. In 2009, the oomycete was present at this location and could also be observed in southern suburbs of Stuttgart, including Sillenbuch and Hohenheim, but also in the adjacent towns of Leinfelden-Echterdingen and Ostfildern. In all cases, the host was Parthenocissus tricuspidata. It was the aim of this study to clarify, whether this new epidemic of Plasmopara on Parthenocissus tricuspidata has to be attributed to a more aggressive strain of Plasmopara viticola or whether it is caused by a new species previously overlooked.} }

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