@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref19273, author = {Nuria E Macias-Hernandez and Pedro Oromi and Miquel A Arnedo}, title = {Integrative Taxonomy Uncovers Hidden Species Diversity in Woodlouse Hunter Spiders (Araneae, Dysderidae) Endemic to the Macaronesian Archipelagoes.}, year = {2010}, keywords = {Canary Islands, cryptic species, data set incongruence, Fuerteventura, incomplete lineage sorting, Lanzarote, molecular phylogeny, Salvage Islands}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Systematics & Biodiversity}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The development of molecular techniques as a taxonomic tool and its integration with information provided by other disciplines, has enhanced species discovery, facilitated species delimitation and afforded invaluable data for inferring species phylogeny. In this paper, we provide an example of how DNA sequence data, along to morphometric, distributional and ecological information, helps to identify and diagnose lineages overlooked in former traditional taxonomic revisions. The nocturnal, ground-dwelling spider genus Dysdera has colonized all the Macaronesian archipelagos, and undergone a major diversification in the Canary Islands. A recent molecular phylogenetic analysis of Dysdera species endemic to the eastern Canary Islands has revealed deep genetic divergences among some populations, suggesting the existence of cryptic taxa. Here, we combine data from mitochondrial and nuclear loci with morphological and ecological evidence to delimit and formally describe three previously overlooked species: D. aneris sp. nov. endemic to the Salvage Islands, D. mahan sp. nov. distributed along coastal and sandy habitats of Lanzarote, north of Fuerteventura and adjacent islets, and D. simbeque sp. nov. restricted to two valleys in northern Lanzarote. Molecular markers provide key information to transform apparent morphological polymorphism into diagnostic features of evolutionary independent lineages. Dysdera mahan sp. nov. is unique among Canarian Dysdera in that it is found in the intertidal zone on pebbled beaches. Low genetic variability and genital differentiation associated with relatively high somatic divergence, suggest that speciation in D. mahan sp. nov. was probably driven by a selection of phenotypic traits adaptive to this rare environment. Separate analyses and statistical tests revealed instances of phylogenetic incongruence between mitochondrial and nuclear genes, probably as a result of incomplete lineage sorting. The temporal framework for the origin and diversification of the new species inferred from the molecular data corroborates former hypotheses on the late Pliocene origin of present-day Salvage Islands biota} }

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