@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref18188, author = {Katharina C. Wollenberg and David R. Vieites and A. V. d. Meijden and David C. Cannatella and Miguel Vences}, title = {Patterns of endemism and species richness in Malagasy cophyline frogs support a key role of mountainous areas for speciation}, year = {2008}, keywords = {}, doi = {}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {Cophyline narrow-mouthed frogs (Anura: Microhylidae) are a diverse endemic radiation of Madagascar. Cophylines contain a high proportion of range restricted species and constitute a good model system to understand patterns of evolutionary diversification in tropical ecosystems. We combine spatial and phylogenetic analyses for a near complete taxon sample to test competing explanations for patterns of species richness and endemism. Our reconstruction of the phylogeny of Malagasy cophylines indicates the presence of 22 new species and several instances of paraphyly. We found strong historical signal in current cophyline ranges indicating a high degree of spatial niche conservatism in clade diversification, with clades occurring in the North of Madagascar constituting the most derived in the phylogeny. We identified six positively correlated centers of species richness and endemism that can neither be explained by stochastic models such as elevational or latitudinal mid-domain effect, nor by low-elevation river catchments. Instead, the locations of these centers in areas spanning a high altitudinal range in combination with specific climatic parameters support a key role of mountainous areas for speciation of these anurans, although we can not exclude an influence of habitat loss due to human impact. High conservation priority is ascribed to these areas.} }

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