@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref31126, author = {Arafat Hanani and Khaled Djelouah and Ana Maria D?onghia and Mounira Ines Drais and Mohga Khater}, title = {New findings in the etiology of the gummy bark disease of volkamer lemon rootstock in Egypt}, year = {2020}, keywords = {Rootstock, viroids, mixed infection, molecular detection, biological indexing. }, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = { European Journal of Plant Pathology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {The extensive replacement of the sour orange rootstock, susceptible to Citrus Tristeza disease, with the tolerant Volkamer lemon rootstock, in citrus-growing areas of North Africa and the Near East triggered the emergence of a new serious citrus disease. This syndrome is characterized by the typical stem pitting on the wood with gum deposits in the bark of Volkamer lemon, similar to the viroid diseases of the cachexia in mandarin and the gummy bark in sweet orange. Citrus viroids have therefore been indicated as presumed causal agents of the gummy bark disease of Volkamer lemon. This disease is devastating many citrus groves in the newly reclaimed land of Egypt, where the Volkamer lemon is largely used for its adaptability to arid zones. Molecular investigations carried out in this study on symptomatic and asymptomatic trees have confirmed the presence of different citrus viroids. Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Citrus bark cracking (CBCVd) were the prevalent viroids in the symptomatic trees, mainly as mixed infections. The severity of symptoms in biological indexing (stem pitting and cracking), induced by both agents indicated that the disease could be a result of a synergic action of HSVd and CBCVd. } }

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