@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref31295, author = {Maria del Carmen H Rodriguez and Harry C. Evans and Lucas Magalhaes de Abreu and Davi Mesquita Macedo and Miraine Kapeua Ndacnou and Kifle Belachew Bekele}, title = {Coffee in Africa harbours a large diversity of Trichoderma: novel species, new records and their potential for biological control of coffee leaf rust }, year = {2020}, keywords = {coffee, plant pathogen, fungi, biological control}, doi = {}, url = {http://}, pmid = {}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, abstract = {A survey for species of the genus Trichoderma occurring as endophytes of Coffea, and as mycoparasites of coffee rusts (Hemileia), was undertaken in Africa; concentrating on Cameroon and Ethiopia. Ninety-four isolates of Trichoderma were obtained during this study: 76 as endophytes of healthy leaves, stems and berries and, 18 directly from colonized rust pustules. A phylogenetic analysis of all isolates used a combination of three genes: translation elongation factor-1α (tef1), rpb2 and cal for selected isolates. GCPSR criteria were used for the recognition of species; supported by morphological and cultural characters. The results reveal a previously unrecorded diversity of Trichoderma species endophytic in both wild and cultivated Coffea, and mycoparasitic on Hemileia rusts. Sixteen species were delimited, including four novel taxa which are described herein: T. botryosum, T. caeruloviride, T. lentissimum and T. pseudopyramidale. Two of these new species, T. botryosum and T. pseudopyramidale, constituted over 60% of the total isolations, predominantly from wild C. arabica in Ethiopian cloud forest. In sharp contrast, not a single isolate of Trichoderma was obtained using the same isolation protocol during a survey of coffee in four Brazilian states, suggesting the existence of a ?Trichoderma void? in the endophyte mycobiota of coffee outside of Africa. The potential use of these African Trichoderma isolates in classical biological control, either as endophytic bodyguards ? to protect coffee plants from coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by Hemileia vastatrix ? or to reduce the impact of CLR through mycoparasitism, is discussed, with reference to the on-going coffee-rust crisis in Central America. } }

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