TreeBASE Search-Citation for study 28093

@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref32027, author = {Pedro W. Crous and Lorenzo Lombard and Marcelo Sandoval-Denis and Keith Seifert and Hans-Josef Schroers and Priscila Chaverri and Josepa Gene and Josep Guarro and Yuuri Hirooka and Konstanze Bensch and Gert H J Kema and Sandra C Lamprecht and Lei Cai and Amy Y Rossman and Marc Stadler and Richard Summerbell and John W. Taylor and Sebastian Ploch and Cobus Meyer Visagie and Neriman Yilmaz and Jens C Frisvad and A.M. Abdel-Azeem and Jafar Abdollahzadeh and A. Abdolrasouli and Alex Akulov and J F Alberts and Joao Ara?jo and Hiran Ariyawansa and Mounes Bakhshi and Mika Bendiksby and A Ben Hadj Amor and Jadson DP Bezerra and Teun Boekhout and Marcos P.S. C?mara and M. Carbia and Gianluigi Cardinali and Rafael F. Casta?eda Ruiz and Adriana Celis and Vishnu Chaturvedi and Jerome Collemare and Daniel Croll and Ulrike Damm and cony decock and Ronald P. de Vries and Chibundu N. Ezekiel and Xinlei Fan and Norma B. Fern?ndez and Ester Gaya and C. D. Gonz?lez and David Gramaje and Johannes (Ewald) Zacharias Groenewald and Martin Grube and Marcela Isabel Guevara-Suarez and V. K. Gupta and Vladimiro Guarnaccia and A. Haddaji and Ferry Hagen and D. Haelewaters and Karen Hansen and Akira Hashimoto and Margarita Hern?ndez-Restrepo and Jos Houbraken and Vit Hubka and Kevin D Hyde and T. Iturriaga and Rajesh Jeewon and Peter Johnston and ?eljko Jurjević and Iskender Karalti and Lise Korsten and Eiko E Kuramae and Ivana Ku?an and Roman Labuda and Daniel Paul Lawrence and H. B. Lee and Christian Lechat and H. Y. Li and Y. A. Litovka and Sajeewa Maharachchikumbura and Yasmina Marin-Felix and Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou and Neven Matočec and Alistair Ross McTaggart and P. Mlčoch and Laura Mugnai and Chiharu Nakashima and R. Henrik Nilsson and S. R. Noumeur and I. N. Pavlov and M. P. Peralta and Alan JL Phillips and J. I. Pitt and Giancarlo Polizzi and William Quaedvlieg and Kunhiraman C Rajeshkumar and S. Restrepo and A. Rhaiem and J. Robert and Vincent Robert and A. M. Rodrigues and Catalina Salgado-Salazar and Robert A Samson and Ana Carla da Silva Santos and Roger G. Shivas and Cristina Maria Souza-Motta and G. Y. Sun and Wijnand J Swart and S. Szoke and Yu Pei Tan and J. E. Taylor and Paul W.J. Taylor and Patricia V. Tiago and Kalman Zolt?n V?czy and Natalie van de Wiele and Nicolaas A Van der Merwe and Gerard J.M. Verkley and Willie Anderson dos Santos Vieira and Alfredo Vizzini and Bevan S Weir and Nalin Wijayawardene and Jiwen W. Xia and M. J. Ya?ez-Morales and Andrey Yurkov and Juan Carlos Zamora and Rasoul Zare and Chulong Zhang and Marco Thines}, title = {Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell}, year = {2021}, keywords = {multi-gene phylogeny, mycotoxins, Nectriaceae, Neocosmospora, novel taxa, pathogen, taxonomy.}, doi = {10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100116}, url = {}, pmid = {}, journal = {Studies in Mycology}, volume = {98}, number = {}, pages = {1--184}, abstract = {Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org).} }

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Citation for Study 28093

Citation title: "Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell".

Study name: "Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell".

This study is part of submission 28093 (Status: Published).

Citation

Crous P.W., Lombard L., Sandoval-denis M., Seifert K., Schroers H., Chaverri P., Gene J., Guarro J., Hirooka Y., Bensch K., Kema G.H., Lamprecht S.C., Cai L., Rossman A.Y., Stadler M., Summerbell R., Taylor J.W., Ploch S., Visagie C.M., Yilmaz N., Frisvad J.C., Abdel-azeem A., Abdollahzadeh J., Abdolrasouli A., Akulov A., Alberts J.F., Ara?jo J., Ariyawansa H., Bakhshi M., Bendiksby M., Ben hadj amor A., Bezerra J.D., Boekhout T., C?mara M.P., Carbia M., Cardinali G., Casta?eda ruiz R.F., Celis A., Chaturvedi V., Collemare J., Croll D., Damm U., Decock C., De vries R.P., Ezekiel C.N., Fan X., Fern?ndez N.B., Gaya E., Gonz?lez C.D., Gramaje D., Groenewald J.Z., Grube M., Guevara-suarez M.I., Gupta V.K., Guarnaccia V., Haddaji A., Hagen F., Haelewaters D., Hansen K., Hashimoto A., Hern?ndez-restrepo M., Houbraken J., Hubka V., Hyde K.D., Iturriaga T., Jeewon R., Johnston P., Jurjević ?., Karalti I., Korsten L., Kuramae E.E., Ku?an I., Labuda R., Lawrence D.P., Lee H.B., Lechat C., Li H.Y., Litovka Y.A., Maharachchikumbura S., Marin-felix Y., Matio kemkuignou B., Matočec N., Mctaggart A.R., Mlčoch P., Mugnai L., Nakashima C., Nilsson R.H., Noumeur S.R., Pavlov I.N., Peralta M.P., Phillips A.J., Pitt J.I., Polizzi G., Quaedvlieg W., Rajeshkumar K.C., Restrepo S., Rhaiem A., Robert J., Robert V., Rodrigues A.M., Salgado-salazar C., Samson R.A., Santos A.C., Shivas R.G., Souza-motta C.M., Sun G.Y., Swart W.J., Szoke S., Tan Y., Taylor J.E., Taylor P.W., Tiago P.V., V?czy K.Z., Van de wiele N., Van der merwe N., Verkley G.J., Vieira W.D., Vizzini A., Weir B.S., Wijayawardene N., Xia J.W., Ya?ez-morales M.J., Yurkov A., Zamora J., Zare R., Zhang C., & Thines M. 2021. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell. Studies in Mycology, 98: 1-184.

Authors

Crous P.W.
Lombard L.
Sandoval-denis M.
Seifert K.
Schroers H.
Chaverri P. 3014057041
Gene J.
Guarro J.
Hirooka Y.
Bensch K.
Kema G.H.
Lamprecht S.C.
Cai L.
Rossman A.Y.
Stadler M.
Summerbell R.
Taylor J.W. 510 642 5366
Ploch S.
Visagie C.M.
Yilmaz N.
Frisvad J.C.
Abdel-azeem A.
Abdollahzadeh J. +989143003324
Abdolrasouli A.
Akulov A.
Alberts J.F.
Ara?jo J.
Ariyawansa H.
Bakhshi M.
Bendiksby M. +4773592287
Ben hadj amor A.
Bezerra J.D.
Boekhout T.
C?mara M.P.
Carbia M.
Cardinali G.
Casta?eda ruiz R.F.
Celis A.
Chaturvedi V.
Collemare J.
Croll D.
Damm U. +49 3581 4760 5312
Decock C.
De vries R.P.
Ezekiel C.N.
Fan X.
Fern?ndez N.B.
Gaya E.
Gonz?lez C.D.
Gramaje D.
Groenewald J.Z. +31302122600
Grube M.
Guevara-suarez M.I.
Gupta V.K.
Guarnaccia V.
Haddaji A.
Hagen F.
Haelewaters D.
Hansen K. +46 (0)8 5195 4248
Hashimoto A.
Hern?ndez-restrepo M.
Houbraken J.
Hubka V. +420 739 663 218
Hyde K.D.
Iturriaga T.
Jeewon R.
Johnston P. +64 9 574 4714
Jurjević ?.
Karalti I.
Korsten L.
Kuramae E.E.
Ku?an I.
Labuda R.
Lawrence D.P. 530-6752-6745
Lee H.B.
Lechat C.
Li H.Y.
Litovka Y.A.
Maharachchikumbura S.
Marin-felix Y.
Matio kemkuignou B.
Matočec N.
Mctaggart A.R.
Mlčoch P.
Mugnai L.
Nakashima C.
Nilsson R.H.
Noumeur S.R.
Pavlov I.N.
Peralta M.P.
Phillips A.J.
Pitt J.I.
Polizzi G.
Quaedvlieg W.
Rajeshkumar K.C.
Restrepo S.
Rhaiem A.
Robert J.
Robert V.
Rodrigues A.M.
Salgado-salazar C.
Samson R.A.
Santos A.C. 05581996658085
Shivas R.G.
Souza-motta C.M.
Sun G.Y.
Swart W.J.
Szoke S.
Tan Y. +61732554370
Taylor J.E.
Taylor P.W.
Tiago P.V.
V?czy K.Z.
Van de wiele N.
Van der merwe N.
Verkley G.J.
Vieira W.D. 5581997315637
Vizzini A.
Weir B.S. +64 9 574 4115
Wijayawardene N.
Xia J.W.
Ya?ez-morales M.J.
Yurkov A.
Zamora J.
Zare R.
Zhang C.
Thines M. +496975421833

Abstract

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org).

Keywords

multi-gene phylogeny, mycotoxins, Nectriaceae, Neocosmospora, novel taxa, pathogen, taxonomy.

External links

DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100116

About this resource

Canonical resource URI: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S28093
Other versions: Nexus NeXML

Show BibTeX reference

@ARTICLE{TreeBASE2Ref32027,
author = {Pedro W. Crous and Lorenzo Lombard and Marcelo Sandoval-Denis and Keith Seifert and Hans-Josef Schroers and Priscila Chaverri and Josepa Gene and Josep Guarro and Yuuri Hirooka and Konstanze Bensch and Gert H J Kema and Sandra C Lamprecht and Lei Cai and Amy Y Rossman and Marc Stadler and Richard Summerbell and John W. Taylor and Sebastian Ploch and Cobus Meyer Visagie and Neriman Yilmaz and Jens C Frisvad and A.M. Abdel-Azeem and Jafar Abdollahzadeh and A. Abdolrasouli and Alex Akulov and J F Alberts and Joao Ara?jo and Hiran Ariyawansa and Mounes Bakhshi and Mika Bendiksby and A Ben Hadj Amor and Jadson DP Bezerra and Teun Boekhout and Marcos P.S. C?mara and M. Carbia and Gianluigi Cardinali and Rafael F. Casta?eda Ruiz and Adriana Celis and Vishnu Chaturvedi and Jerome Collemare and Daniel Croll and Ulrike Damm and cony decock and Ronald P. de Vries and Chibundu N. Ezekiel and Xinlei Fan and Norma B. Fern?ndez and Ester Gaya and C. D. Gonz?lez and David Gramaje and Johannes (Ewald) Zacharias Groenewald and Martin Grube and Marcela Isabel Guevara-Suarez and V. K. Gupta and Vladimiro Guarnaccia and A. Haddaji and Ferry Hagen and D. Haelewaters and Karen Hansen and Akira Hashimoto and Margarita Hern?ndez-Restrepo and Jos Houbraken and Vit Hubka and Kevin D Hyde and T. Iturriaga and Rajesh Jeewon and Peter Johnston and ?eljko Jurjevi&#263; and Iskender Karalti and Lise Korsten and Eiko E Kuramae and Ivana Ku?an and Roman Labuda and Daniel Paul Lawrence and H. B. Lee and Christian Lechat and H. Y. Li and Y. A. Litovka and Sajeewa Maharachchikumbura and Yasmina Marin-Felix and Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou and Neven Mato&#269;ec and Alistair Ross McTaggart and P. Ml&#269;och and Laura Mugnai and Chiharu Nakashima and R. Henrik Nilsson and S. R. Noumeur and I. N. Pavlov and M. P. Peralta and Alan JL Phillips and J. I. Pitt and Giancarlo Polizzi and William Quaedvlieg and Kunhiraman C Rajeshkumar and S. Restrepo and A. Rhaiem and J. Robert and Vincent Robert and A. M. Rodrigues and Catalina Salgado-Salazar and Robert A Samson and Ana Carla da Silva Santos and Roger G. Shivas and Cristina Maria Souza-Motta and G. Y. Sun and Wijnand J Swart and S. Szoke and Yu Pei Tan and J. E. Taylor and Paul W.J. Taylor and Patricia V. Tiago and Kalman Zolt?n V?czy and Natalie van de Wiele and Nicolaas A Van der Merwe and Gerard J.M. Verkley and Willie Anderson dos Santos Vieira and Alfredo Vizzini and Bevan S Weir and Nalin Wijayawardene and Jiwen W. Xia and M. J. Ya?ez-Morales and Andrey Yurkov and Juan Carlos Zamora and Rasoul Zare and Chulong Zhang and Marco Thines},
title = {Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell},
year = {2021},
keywords = {multi-gene phylogeny, mycotoxins, Nectriaceae, Neocosmospora, novel taxa, pathogen, taxonomy.},
doi = {10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100116},
url = {},
pmid = {},
journal = {Studies in Mycology},
volume = {98},
number = {},
pages = {1--184},
abstract = {Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org).}
}

Show RIS reference

		TY  - JOUR
ID  - 32027
AU  - Crous,Pedro W.
AU  - Lombard,Lorenzo 
AU  - Sandoval-Denis,Marcelo 
AU  - Seifert,Keith 
AU  - Schroers,Hans-Josef 
AU  - Chaverri,Priscila  
AU  - Gene,Josepa 
AU  - Guarro,Josep 
AU  - Hirooka,Yuuri 
AU  - Bensch,Konstanze 
AU  - Kema,Gert H J
AU  - Lamprecht,Sandra C
AU  - Cai,Lei 
AU  - Rossman,Amy Y
AU  - Stadler,Marc 
AU  - Summerbell,Richard 
AU  - Taylor,John W. 
AU  - Ploch,Sebastian 
AU  - Visagie,Cobus Meyer
AU  - Yilmaz,Neriman 
AU  - Frisvad,Jens C
AU  - Abdel-Azeem,A.M. 
AU  - Abdollahzadeh,Jafar 
AU  - Abdolrasouli,A. 
AU  - Akulov,Alex 
AU  - Alberts,J F
AU  - Ara?jo,Joao 
AU  - Ariyawansa,Hiran 
AU  - Bakhshi,Mounes 
AU  - Bendiksby,Mika 
AU  - Ben Hadj Amor,A 
AU  - Bezerra,Jadson DP
AU  - Boekhout,Teun 
AU  - C?mara,Marcos P.S.
AU  - Carbia,M. 
AU  - Cardinali,Gianluigi 
AU  - Casta?eda Ruiz,Rafael F.
AU  - Celis,Adriana 
AU  - Chaturvedi,Vishnu 
AU  - Collemare,Jerome 
AU  - Croll,Daniel 
AU  - Damm,Ulrike 
AU  - decock,cony 
AU  - de Vries,Ronald P.
AU  - Ezekiel,Chibundu N.
AU  - Fan,Xinlei 
AU  - Fern?ndez,Norma B.
AU  - Gaya,Ester 
AU  - Gonz?lez,C. D.
AU  - Gramaje,David 
AU  - Groenewald, Johannes (Ewald) Zacharias
AU  - Grube,Martin 
AU  - Guevara-Suarez,Marcela Isabel
AU  - Gupta,V. K.
AU  - Guarnaccia,Vladimiro 
AU  - Haddaji,A. 
AU  - Hagen,Ferry 
AU  - Haelewaters,D. 
AU  - Hansen,Karen 
AU  - Hashimoto,Akira 
AU  - Hern?ndez-Restrepo,Margarita 
AU  - Houbraken,Jos 
AU  - Hubka,Vit 
AU  - Hyde,Kevin D
AU  - Iturriaga,T. 
AU  - Jeewon,Rajesh  
AU  - Johnston,Peter 
AU  - Jurjevi&#263;,?eljko 
AU  - Karalti,Iskender 
AU  - Korsten,Lise 
AU  - Kuramae,Eiko E
AU  - Ku?an,Ivana 
AU  - Labuda,Roman 
AU  - Lawrence,Daniel Paul
AU  - Lee,H. B.
AU  - Lechat,Christian  
AU  - Li,H. Y.
AU  - Litovka,Y. A.
AU  - Maharachchikumbura,Sajeewa 
AU  - Marin-Felix,Yasmina 
AU  - Matio Kemkuignou,Blondelle 
AU  - Mato&#269;ec,Neven 
AU  - McTaggart,Alistair Ross
AU  - Ml&#269;och,P. 
AU  - Mugnai,Laura 
AU  - Nakashima,Chiharu 
AU  - Nilsson,R. Henrik
AU  - Noumeur,S. R.
AU  - Pavlov,I. N.
AU  - Peralta,M. P.
AU  - Phillips,Alan JL
AU  - Pitt,J. I.
AU  - Polizzi,Giancarlo 
AU  - Quaedvlieg,William 
AU  - Rajeshkumar,Kunhiraman C
AU  - Restrepo,S. 
AU  - Rhaiem,A. 
AU  - Robert,J. 
AU  - Robert,Vincent 
AU  - Rodrigues,A. M.
AU  - Salgado-Salazar,Catalina 
AU  - Samson,Robert A
AU  - Santos,Ana Carla da Silva
AU  - Shivas,Roger G.
AU  - Souza-Motta,Cristina Maria
AU  - Sun,G. Y.
AU  - Swart,Wijnand J
AU  - Szoke,S. 
AU  - Tan,Yu Pei 
AU  - Taylor,J. E.
AU  - Taylor,Paul W.J.
AU  - Tiago,Patricia V.
AU  - V?czy,Kalman Zolt?n
AU  - van de Wiele,Natalie 
AU  - Van der Merwe,Nicolaas A 
AU  - Verkley,Gerard J.M.
AU  - Vieira,Willie Anderson dos Santos
AU  - Vizzini,Alfredo 
AU  - Weir,Bevan S
AU  - Wijayawardene,Nalin 
AU  - Xia,Jiwen W.
AU  - Ya?ez-Morales,M. J.
AU  - Yurkov,Andrey 
AU  - Zamora,Juan Carlos 
AU  - Zare,Rasoul 
AU  - Zhang,Chulong 
AU  - Thines,Marco 
T1  - Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell
PY  - 2021
KW  - multi-gene phylogeny
KW  - mycotoxins
KW  - Nectriaceae
KW  - Neocosmospora
KW  - novel taxa
KW  - pathogen
KW  - taxonomy.
UR  - 
N2  - Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org).
L3  - 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100116
JF  - Studies in Mycology
VL  - 98
IS  - 
SP  - 1
EP  - 184
ER  -